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Weather: TAS
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Alerts:
Space Weather Message Code: WATA30
Serial Number: 262
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 2119 UTC

WATCH: Geomagnetic Storm Category G2 Predicted
Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Dec 02:  None (Below G1)   Dec 03:  G2 (Moderate)   Dec 04:  G2 (Moderate)
THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Comment: There is a chance geomagnetic storming could reach G3 (Moderate) levels late 03 Dec, into early 04 Dec.
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

Space Weather Message Code: ALTEF3
Serial Number: 3568
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0459 UTC

CONTINUED ALERT: Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3567
Begin Time: 2025 Nov 25 1450 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 8310 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

Space Weather Message Code: ALTTP2
Serial Number: 1449
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0403 UTC

ALERT: Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2025 Dec 01 0319 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 490 km/s
Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

Space Weather Message Code: SUMX01
Serial Number: 203
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0314 UTC

SUMMARY: X-ray Event exceeded X1
Begin Time: 2025 Dec 01 0227 UTC
Maximum Time: 2025 Dec 01 0249 UTC
End Time: 2025 Dec 01 0305 UTC
X-ray Class: X1.9
Location: N22E85
NOAA Scale: R3 - Strong
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact consists of large portions of the sunlit side of Earth, strongest at the sub-solar point.
Radio - Wide area blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for about an hour.

Space Weather Message Code: ALTTP2
Serial Number: 1448
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0256 UTC

ALERT: Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2025 Dec 01 0243 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 988 km/s
Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

Space Weather Message Code: ALTXMF
Serial Number: 502
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0241 UTC

ALERT: X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Dec 01 0240 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

Space Weather Message Code: ALTK04
Serial Number: 2611
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0101 UTC

ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

Space Weather Message Code: WARK04
Serial Number: 5170
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 01 0054 UTC

WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Dec 01 0053 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Dec 01 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.


Solar-terrestrial indices for 01 December follow.
Solar flux 196 and estimated planetary A-index 10.
The estimated planetary K-index at 2100 UTC on 01 December was 2.00.

Space weather for the past 24 hours has been strong.
Radio blackouts reaching the R3 level occurred.

Space weather for the next 24 hours is predicted to be moderate.
Radio blackouts reaching the R2 level are likely.


Geo Magnetic Forecast:

NOAA Ap Index Forecast
Observed Ap 30 Nov 016
Estimated Ap 01 Dec 012
Predicted Ap 02 Dec-04 Dec 005-024-035

NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Probabilities 02 Dec-04 Dec
Active                15/40/25
Minor storm           01/30/35
Moderate storm        01/10/20
Strong-Extreme storm  01/01/01

NOAA Kp index forecast 02 Dec - 04 Dec
             Dec 02    Dec 03    Dec 04
00-03UT        1.33      3.00      4.67
03-06UT        1.33      3.67      4.67
06-09UT        1.67      1.67      5.67
09-12UT        1.33      3.00      4.33
12-15UT        1.33      3.00      3.67
15-18UT        1.33      3.33      3.67
18-21UT        1.67      4.33      4.00
21-00UT        1.67      5.67      4.33


Extended Three Day Forecast:

A. NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast

The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 4 (below NOAA
Scale levels).
The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Dec 01-Dec 03 2025 is 4.00 (below NOAA
Scale levels).

NOAA Kp index breakdown Dec 01-Dec 03 2025

             Dec 01       Dec 02       Dec 03
00-03UT       4.00         1.33         3.00
03-06UT       1.00         1.33         3.67
06-09UT       1.67         1.67         3.00
09-12UT       2.00         1.33         3.00
12-15UT       1.67         1.33         2.00
15-18UT       0.67         1.33         2.67
18-21UT       0.67         1.67         3.00
21-00UT       1.67         1.67         3.00

Rationale: No G1 (Minor) or greater geomagnetic storms are expected.  No
significant transient or recurrent solar wind features are forecast.

B. NOAA Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast

Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was
below S-scale storm level thresholds.

Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Dec 01-Dec 03 2025

              Dec 01  Dec 02  Dec 03
S1 or greater   20%     20%     20%

Rationale: There is a slight chance for the greater than 10 MeV proton
flux to reach S1 (Minor) levels through 03 Dec, due primarily to the
eruptive potential of Region2 4294 and 4299.

C. NOAA Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast

Radio blackouts reaching the R3 levels were observed over the past 24
hours. The largest was at Dec 01 2025 0249 UTC.

Radio Blackout Forecast for Dec 01-Dec 03 2025

              Dec 01        Dec 02        Dec 03
R1-R2           70%           70%           70%
R3 or greater   20%           20%           20%

Rationale: R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts are likely, with a
slight chance for an R3 (Strong) or greater event, on 01-03 Dec.


Extended Space Weather Discussion:

Solar Activity

.24 hr Summary...
Solar activity reached high levels due to an X1.9 (R3-Strong) flare
observed from new Region 4299 (N22E75, Hsx/alpha). Associated with this
event was a Castelli U radio burst, a 988 km/s Type II sweep and a Type
IV sweep. The event produced a rapid, partial-halo CME observed off the
NE limb, however, initial analysis and model output determined no
Earth-directed component.

The large sunspot group, 4294 (S15E52, Fkc/beta-gamma-delta), was split
into three groups based on magnetic complexity. New Region 4298 (S16E39,
Hsx/alpha) was numbered ahead of the large group Region 4294. New Region
4296 (S14E69, Hsx/alpha) was numbered just to the east of Region 4294.
New Region 4297 (S12W08, Bxo/beta) was also numbered. A other sunspot
groups were quiet and unchanged.

No additional Earth-directed CMEs were observed in available coronagraph
imagery.

.Forecast...
M-class flares (R1-R2/Minor-Moderate) are likely, with a slight chance
for an X-class flare (R3-Strong), over 01-03 Dec.

Energetic Particle

.24 hr Summary...
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux was at high levels, with a peak
flux of 12,900 pfu. The greater than 10 MeV proton flux was at
background levels.

.Forecast...
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux is expected to reach high levels on
01-03 Dec. There is a slight chance for the greater than 10 MeV proton
flux to reach S1 (Minor) levels through 03 Dec due primarily from the
X1.9 flare observed early on 01 Dec and from the eruptive potential from
Region 4294.

Solar Wind

.24 hr Summary...
Solar wind parameters reflected waning influence of a positive polarity
CH HSS. Total magnetic field strength was between 5-6 nT. Bz was
primarily oriented southward. Solar wind speeds declined from ~625 km/s
to near 475 km/s by the end of the reporting period. Phi angle was
predominantly positive.

.Forecast...
Positive polarity CH HSS influences are expected to wane over 01 Dec,
followed by a return to at or near ambient levels over 02 Dec. Another
enhancement in solar wind parameters from a negative polarity coronal
hole is expected on 03 Dec.

Geospace

.24 hr Summary...
The geomagnetic field was at quiet to active levels under waning
positive polarity CH HSS influences.

.Forecast...
The geomagnetic field is expected to reach unsettled levels, with a
chance for active levels, on 01 Dec as positive polarity CH HSS
influences wane. Mostly quiet conditions are expected to prevail on 02
Dec with the return of an ambient solar wind environment. Active
conditions, with a chance for G1 (Minor), are likely with the
anticipated onset of influence from a large, negative polarity coronal
hole on 03 Dec.


27 Day Forecast:

Date | Radio Flux | Planetary A Index | Largest Kp Index
2025 Dec 01     190           8          3
2025 Dec 02     190           5          2
2025 Dec 03     190          15          4
2025 Dec 04     190          25          5
2025 Dec 05     190          30          5
2025 Dec 06     190          12          4
2025 Dec 07     190          10          3
2025 Dec 08     190           8          3
2025 Dec 09     190           5          2
2025 Dec 10     185           5          2
2025 Dec 11     180           5          2
2025 Dec 12     180           8          3
2025 Dec 13     175          18          5
2025 Dec 14     175          12          4
2025 Dec 15     180           8          3
2025 Dec 16     180           5          2
2025 Dec 17     180           8          3
2025 Dec 18     180          10          3
2025 Dec 19     180           8          3
2025 Dec 20     175           8          3
2025 Dec 21     175          15          4
2025 Dec 22     175          20          5
2025 Dec 23     180          20          5
2025 Dec 24     190          25          5
2025 Dec 25     195          20          5
2025 Dec 26     195          20          5
2025 Dec 27     195          15          4


  • GRAPH OPTIONS: Learn more
    It is recommended that you start out with the default options. As you get used to AF you can disable additional information and combine data series' together to maxamise the use of screen space.

  • DATA SOURCES: Learn more
    Some data sources can only be enabled or disabled via the tick box. Others are disabled using the slider set to 0, or enabled by setting the slider from 0.5 to 4. This number also represents the thinkness of the line plot onto the graph.

  • 'The' Aurora Forecast Index: Learn more
    These are two good options for predicting Auroras.

    The Aurora Forecast Index takes into account many data sources. As a general rule if it stays high for many hours there is a good possibility of an Aurora present.

    Aurora Forecast website usage is also a good indicator, as visitors to the site come from many traffic sources. General internet and community chatter transplating to visits is a great indicator.

  • Planatary K Index (Kp): Learn more
    The Kp number is a system of measuring aurora strength. The range goes from 0 to 9 (0 being calm, 1 very weak, all the way up to 9, which would represent a major geomagnetic storm with strong auroras visible).

    Kp 5 and above is classified as a geomagnetic storm. Most Aurora Hunters consider prolonged 3+ or higher worth investigation.

  • Ovation (Model) Short Term Forecast (GW):' Learn more
    The Ovation-Prime Model produced by SWPC calculates the energy interacting with the Earths magnetic field. This is a good indicator for Aurora activity.
  • DSCOVR Observatory (L1): Learn more

    The DSCOVR or Deep Space Climate Obervatory sits 1.5 million Kilometers from Earth, between the Earth and the Sun in the L1 orbit point, the neutral gravity point between the Earth and the Sun. DSCOVR provides space weather readings, allowing for up to an hour of warning on weather events. This is why DSCOVR's data appears in the future on the graph.

    Strong negative Bz direction is linked to Aurora's because the solar wind magnetic direction is in direct oposition with the Earths magnetic field.

  • ACE Observatory (L1): Learn more

    ACE or Advanced Composition Explorer sits 1.5 million Kilometers from Earth, between the Earth and the Sun in the L1 orbit point, the neutral gravity point between the Earth and the Sun. ACE has now been replaced by DSCOVR, but the data is still useful for comparing to DSCOVR.
  • GOES Satalites: Learn more

    GOES or Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites sit 46 Kilometers above the Earth in geostationary orbit. They provide local space weather data and are a good indicator for current geomagnetic conditions.

  • Terrestrial Magnetometer Sources: Learn more
    Terrestrial or surface magnetometers detect fluctuations in the Earths magnetic field from the ground.
    These do not work as well as satalites as the magnetic field obsorbs some of the effects from the solar winds.
    There is a mix of govenment and citizen science stations listed here, including two run by Aurora Forecast in Hobart.
  • User Magnetometer ID's: Learn more
    If you have a TAFS Magnetometer and you want to add it to the graph you can do it here.
    Insent your Mag's Unique ID.

 

v4.16b

Aurora Forecast is free to use, however it takes a lot of time and effort to maintain. If you find it useful and are a regular user then please consider making a donation to keep it running. Feedback is always welcome.


v4.X Release 17th Dec 2020)
Fixed New GOES and HPI inputs from noaa for Json (17/12/20).
Addded the ability to add 2 custom Magnetometers in settings (comming soon) (18/10/19).
Improved Hobart Magnetometer code. (18/18/19)
Move all presets into their own pop out side menu. (19/06/19)
Added Composite weather maps (TAS, VIC and SA), thanks to Oz forecast! (19/06/19)
UI Upgrades, Name, Logo and Website Site Changes.
Added custom line widths for most items.
Added GOES Difference (#1 - #2)
Added Ovation-prime model outputs.

v3.8x
Various Updates, New AF Index Algo. (8/12/18)

v3.6x
Added more Presets. Disabled Presets overwriting graph views (6/7/18)
Added GeoSpace Kp Model Prediction. (3/7/18)
Added SWPC Kp Forecast + Observation. (2/7/18)
Removed WingKP and USKp. :( No longer Avaliable. (2/7/18)
Removed feed from www.dunedinaurora.nz (Unreliable). (2/7/18)
Updates to latest JQuery, JQuery Mobile and AmCharts etc. (2/7/18)
Enhanced Pro setting with Dynamic Preasure. (2/7/18)
Added Quickselect preset buttons to main page. (2/7/18)
 
v3.5x
Added Ruru Observatory Magnetometer. (25/4/28)
Added Forecast Sub Tabset. (1/3/18)
Added Extended Discussion Text, 27Day FC (1/3/18)
Removed Dial, and Added Forecast Report. (28/2/18)
Updated A few settings for better visilation. (28/2/18)
Updated Goes-13 is Now Goes-14 (15/2/18)
Improved Commmunity Activity for faster loads.
Consolidated Proton Density / Dynamic Preasure.
Added Additional Balloon Text.
Added TAFS Visual Probability in %.
User Interface Upgrades.
Add 'Dial' for the basics, with default support.
Added one click presets.
 
v2.1 - v2.49
Added 'Automatic Chart Update' option in settings.
Database caching enabled, significant load time improvements.
Extension to max 96 hours of data, up from 24.
Added ACE Bt,Bx and By for comparison.
Added More User Presets.
Fixed Orentation Change Alert.
Small layout changes.
Added Header Image.
Removed Top Header to fee up Space, Refresh added to Chart Tab.
Added Community Activity Indicator
Fixed MAG value issues in graph.
Added Second Hobart MAG Source.
Updated Comment Features (Disable).
 
v2.0
Fixed DSCOVR B? display bug.
Added MAG Stack Feature.
Upgrade to json feeds.
Feeds are timezone and forecast aware, making them super fast.
DB Optimisation, improved DB search times.
Charts are now zoomable, allow selection and export.
Added USAF Kp, Updated Wing Kp.
Added Ovation Aurora Short Term Forecast.
Added Macquarie Island MAG feed.
Added Mawson MAG Feed.
Added Canberra Feed.
Added MAG feed from www.dunedinaurora.nz (Portobello).
Added Brendan's experemental MAG feed (Hobart).
Fixed cookie bug, One Alert is enough for landscape mode.
 
> v1.0 (Started 20/10/2014)

  Mawson and Macquarie Island data is copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), and redistributed under Creative Commons v4.
Thanks to INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice in providing access to these feeds. (www.intermagnet.org).

Local Australian weather composite maps provided by Oz Forecast


Aurora Forecast is free to use, however it takes a lot of time and effort to maintain.
Why not make a donation to keep it running?
Feedback is always welcome. - ©2022 Brendan Davey