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Solar-terrestrial indices for 02 December follow.
Solar flux 200 and estimated planetary A-index 9.
The estimated planetary K-index at 0600 UTC on 03 December was 2.67.

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours.

Space weather for the next 24 hours is predicted to be moderate.
Geomagnetic storms reaching the G2 level are likely.
Radio blackouts reaching the R2 level are expected.


Geo Magnetic Forecast:

NOAA Ap Index Forecast
Observed Ap 01 Dec 010
Estimated Ap 02 Dec 010
Predicted Ap 03 Dec-05 Dec 025-035-030

NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Probabilities 03 Dec-05 Dec
Active                10/15/30
Minor storm           25/25/40
Moderate storm        35/35/20
Strong-Extreme storm  25/25/05

NOAA Kp index forecast 03 Dec - 05 Dec
             Dec 03    Dec 04    Dec 05
00-03UT        3.00      4.67      4.33
03-06UT        3.67      4.67      4.33
06-09UT        3.00      5.67      4.33
09-12UT        3.00      4.33      4.00
12-15UT        3.00      3.67      4.00
15-18UT        3.33      3.67      4.00
18-21UT        4.33      4.00      4.33
21-00UT        5.67      4.33      4.00


Extended Three Day Forecast:

A. NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast

The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 3 (below NOAA
Scale levels).
The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Dec 03-Dec 05 2025 is 5.67 (NOAA Scale
G2).

NOAA Kp index breakdown Dec 03-Dec 05 2025

             Dec 03       Dec 04       Dec 05
00-03UT       3.00         4.67 (G1)    4.33
03-06UT       3.67         4.67 (G1)    4.33
06-09UT       3.00         5.67 (G2)    4.33
09-12UT       3.00         4.33         4.00
12-15UT       3.00         3.67         3.67
15-18UT       3.33         3.67         3.33
18-21UT       4.33         4.00         3.00
21-00UT       5.67 (G2)    4.33         3.33

Rationale: G1-G2 (Minor-Moderate) geomagnetic storming is likely to
commence by late on 03 Dec and continue into 04 Due due to coronal hole
high speed stream effects possibly combined with glancing shock arrival
from a coronal mass ejection that left the Sun on 01 Dec. It should also
be noted that a chance (25%) for isolated periods of G3 (Strong)
geomagnetic storming will exist on late 03 Dec and early 04 Dec,
especially if the corotating interaction region ahead of the high speed
stream arrives with embedded shock.

B. NOAA Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast

Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was
below S-scale storm level thresholds.

Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Dec 03-Dec 05 2025

              Dec 03  Dec 04  Dec 05
S1 or greater   15%     15%     15%

Rationale: There is a slight chance for an S1 (Minor) solar radiation
storm on 03-05 Dec.

C. NOAA Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast

No radio blackouts were observed over the past 24 hours.

Radio Blackout Forecast for Dec 03-Dec 05 2025

              Dec 03        Dec 04        Dec 05
R1-R2           75%           75%           75%
R3 or greater   30%           30%           30%

Rationale: Isolated to occasional M-class flares (R1-R2, Minor-Moderate)
are expected (75%) through 05 Dec, with a chance for X-class flares
(R3-Strong 30%), given past flare history and the potential of current
active regions on the disk.


Extended Space Weather Discussion:

Solar Activity

.24 hr Summary...
Solar activity was at low levels with only C-class flares, the largest
of which was a C5.4 from Region 4288 (N19W86, Dai/beta) at 02/2038 UTC.
Region 4294 (S15E31, Fkc/beta-gamma-delta) remains the largest region on
the disk but is appearing to be simplifying magnetically. Region 4296
(S14E50, Ekc/beta-delta), on the other hand, gained a delta region in
its intermediary region, though with no corresponding increase in flare
activity as of yet. New flux emerged along the eastern side of Region
4298 (S16E18, Cao/beta), resulting in observed of some trailing spots in
the optical and several C-flares throughout the reporting period. Region
4299 (N23E55, Dac/beta-delta), which had produced an X1.9 flare as it
entered the disk on 01 Dec, also developed a delta region in its primary
spot but no appreciable shear was observed. Region 4300 (N07E67,
Cro/beta) was numbered, but its classification remains difficult due to
foreshortening effects.

No Earth-directed CMEs were observed in available coronagraph imagery.

.Forecast...
Isolated to occasional M-class flares are expected (75%) through 05 Dec,
with a chance for X-class flares (30%), given past flare history and the
potential of current active regions on the disk.

Energetic Particle

.24 hr Summary...
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux in geosynchronous orbit continued
at high levels with a peak flux of 8,540 particle flux units reached
near 02/1715 UTC. The greater than 10 MeV proton flux in geosynchronous
orbit remained at background levels.

.Forecast...
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux is expected to continue to at high
levels, although gradually decreasing, through 03 Dec. A return to
moderate levels 04-05 Dec is likely with the initial onset of fast solar
wind associated with a coronal hole high speed stream and/or shock
arrival from the 01 Dec CME.

An enhancement to the 10 MeV proton flux in geosynchronous orbit due to
the aforementioned X1.9 event from 01 Dec cannot be ruled out as
sometimes events from the eastern limb take tens of hours to days to
reach Earth. This combined with the flare potential currently exhibited
by Earth-facing active regions will keep 10 MeV protons at a slight risk
(15%) of reaching the 10 particle flux unit threshold through 05 Dec.

Solar Wind

.24 hr Summary...
Solar wind parameters returned to background levels after the passage of
a positive polarity coronal hole high speed stream. Total
interplanetary magnetic field values ranged from 4 to 7 nT, while the Bz
component (North/South) was benign. Solar wind speeds, as measured by
NASAs ACE spacecraft, averaged 400 km/s throughout the reporting
period. Phi was oriented in the positive (away from the Sun) solar
sector with only a couple of very brief excursions into the negative
sector.

.Forecast...
Disturbances in the solar wind environment are anticipated to return and
arrive at Earth beginning by late on 03 Dec. First, phi is expected to
enter the negative solar sector followed by the arrival of enhanced
magnetic field ahead of fast solar wind associated with a recurrent,
equatorial, negative polarity coronal hole high speed stream. This
disturbance may be further enhanced by the glancing blow from the shock
produced by a eastern limb coronal mass ejection that was associated
with the aforementioned X1.9 flare on 01 Dec. While the disturbances
from shock arrivals are typically brief, the enhancements of this
combined phenomena is anticipated to continue through 04 Dec, with
lingering effects possible on 05 Dec.

Geospace

.24 hr Summary...
Geomagnetic field activity was quiet with a few isolated unsettled
periods throughout the reporting period.

.Forecast...
The geomagnetic field is expected to remain at quiet to unsettled levels
into 03 Dec. Quiet to unsettled levels are likely to give way
to G1-G2 (Minor-Moderate) storming periods by late 03 Dec due to the
phenomena described in the solar wind section. G1-G2 (Minor-Moderate)
storming is then likely to continue into 04 Dec. It should also be noted
that a chance (25%) for isolated periods of G3 (Strong) geomagnetic
storming will exist on 03 and 04 Dec, especially if the corotating
interaction region ahead of the high speed stream arrives with embedded
shock from the 01 Dec CME. Otherwise, G1-G2 (Minor-Moderate) conditions
will most likely give way to mostly active levels as 04 Dec draws to a
close. 05 Dec will likely remain at unsettled to active levels as the
system recovers.


27 Day Forecast:

Date | Radio Flux | Planetary A Index | Largest Kp Index
2025 Dec 01     190           8          3
2025 Dec 02     190           5          2
2025 Dec 03     190          15          4
2025 Dec 04     190          25          5
2025 Dec 05     190          30          5
2025 Dec 06     190          12          4
2025 Dec 07     190          10          3
2025 Dec 08     190           8          3
2025 Dec 09     190           5          2
2025 Dec 10     185           5          2
2025 Dec 11     180           5          2
2025 Dec 12     180           8          3
2025 Dec 13     175          18          5
2025 Dec 14     175          12          4
2025 Dec 15     180           8          3
2025 Dec 16     180           5          2
2025 Dec 17     180           8          3
2025 Dec 18     180          10          3
2025 Dec 19     180           8          3
2025 Dec 20     175           8          3
2025 Dec 21     175          15          4
2025 Dec 22     175          20          5
2025 Dec 23     180          20          5
2025 Dec 24     190          25          5
2025 Dec 25     195          20          5
2025 Dec 26     195          20          5
2025 Dec 27     195          15          4


  • GRAPH OPTIONS: Learn more
    It is recommended that you start out with the default options. As you get used to AF you can disable additional information and combine data series' together to maxamise the use of screen space.

  • DATA SOURCES: Learn more
    Some data sources can only be enabled or disabled via the tick box. Others are disabled using the slider set to 0, or enabled by setting the slider from 0.5 to 4. This number also represents the thinkness of the line plot onto the graph.

  • 'The' Aurora Forecast Index: Learn more
    These are two good options for predicting Auroras.

    The Aurora Forecast Index takes into account many data sources. As a general rule if it stays high for many hours there is a good possibility of an Aurora present.

    Aurora Forecast website usage is also a good indicator, as visitors to the site come from many traffic sources. General internet and community chatter transplating to visits is a great indicator.

  • Planatary K Index (Kp): Learn more
    The Kp number is a system of measuring aurora strength. The range goes from 0 to 9 (0 being calm, 1 very weak, all the way up to 9, which would represent a major geomagnetic storm with strong auroras visible).

    Kp 5 and above is classified as a geomagnetic storm. Most Aurora Hunters consider prolonged 3+ or higher worth investigation.

  • Ovation (Model) Short Term Forecast (GW):' Learn more
    The Ovation-Prime Model produced by SWPC calculates the energy interacting with the Earths magnetic field. This is a good indicator for Aurora activity.
  • DSCOVR Observatory (L1): Learn more

    The DSCOVR or Deep Space Climate Obervatory sits 1.5 million Kilometers from Earth, between the Earth and the Sun in the L1 orbit point, the neutral gravity point between the Earth and the Sun. DSCOVR provides space weather readings, allowing for up to an hour of warning on weather events. This is why DSCOVR's data appears in the future on the graph.

    Strong negative Bz direction is linked to Aurora's because the solar wind magnetic direction is in direct oposition with the Earths magnetic field.

  • ACE Observatory (L1): Learn more

    ACE or Advanced Composition Explorer sits 1.5 million Kilometers from Earth, between the Earth and the Sun in the L1 orbit point, the neutral gravity point between the Earth and the Sun. ACE has now been replaced by DSCOVR, but the data is still useful for comparing to DSCOVR.
  • GOES Satalites: Learn more

    GOES or Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites sit 46 Kilometers above the Earth in geostationary orbit. They provide local space weather data and are a good indicator for current geomagnetic conditions.

  • Terrestrial Magnetometer Sources: Learn more
    Terrestrial or surface magnetometers detect fluctuations in the Earths magnetic field from the ground.
    These do not work as well as satalites as the magnetic field obsorbs some of the effects from the solar winds.
    There is a mix of govenment and citizen science stations listed here, including two run by Aurora Forecast in Hobart.
  • User Magnetometer ID's: Learn more
    If you have a TAFS Magnetometer and you want to add it to the graph you can do it here.
    Insent your Mag's Unique ID.

 

v4.16b

Aurora Forecast is free to use, however it takes a lot of time and effort to maintain. If you find it useful and are a regular user then please consider making a donation to keep it running. Feedback is always welcome.


v4.X Release 17th Dec 2020)
Fixed New GOES and HPI inputs from noaa for Json (17/12/20).
Addded the ability to add 2 custom Magnetometers in settings (comming soon) (18/10/19).
Improved Hobart Magnetometer code. (18/18/19)
Move all presets into their own pop out side menu. (19/06/19)
Added Composite weather maps (TAS, VIC and SA), thanks to Oz forecast! (19/06/19)
UI Upgrades, Name, Logo and Website Site Changes.
Added custom line widths for most items.
Added GOES Difference (#1 - #2)
Added Ovation-prime model outputs.

v3.8x
Various Updates, New AF Index Algo. (8/12/18)

v3.6x
Added more Presets. Disabled Presets overwriting graph views (6/7/18)
Added GeoSpace Kp Model Prediction. (3/7/18)
Added SWPC Kp Forecast + Observation. (2/7/18)
Removed WingKP and USKp. :( No longer Avaliable. (2/7/18)
Removed feed from www.dunedinaurora.nz (Unreliable). (2/7/18)
Updates to latest JQuery, JQuery Mobile and AmCharts etc. (2/7/18)
Enhanced Pro setting with Dynamic Preasure. (2/7/18)
Added Quickselect preset buttons to main page. (2/7/18)
 
v3.5x
Added Ruru Observatory Magnetometer. (25/4/28)
Added Forecast Sub Tabset. (1/3/18)
Added Extended Discussion Text, 27Day FC (1/3/18)
Removed Dial, and Added Forecast Report. (28/2/18)
Updated A few settings for better visilation. (28/2/18)
Updated Goes-13 is Now Goes-14 (15/2/18)
Improved Commmunity Activity for faster loads.
Consolidated Proton Density / Dynamic Preasure.
Added Additional Balloon Text.
Added TAFS Visual Probability in %.
User Interface Upgrades.
Add 'Dial' for the basics, with default support.
Added one click presets.
 
v2.1 - v2.49
Added 'Automatic Chart Update' option in settings.
Database caching enabled, significant load time improvements.
Extension to max 96 hours of data, up from 24.
Added ACE Bt,Bx and By for comparison.
Added More User Presets.
Fixed Orentation Change Alert.
Small layout changes.
Added Header Image.
Removed Top Header to fee up Space, Refresh added to Chart Tab.
Added Community Activity Indicator
Fixed MAG value issues in graph.
Added Second Hobart MAG Source.
Updated Comment Features (Disable).
 
v2.0
Fixed DSCOVR B? display bug.
Added MAG Stack Feature.
Upgrade to json feeds.
Feeds are timezone and forecast aware, making them super fast.
DB Optimisation, improved DB search times.
Charts are now zoomable, allow selection and export.
Added USAF Kp, Updated Wing Kp.
Added Ovation Aurora Short Term Forecast.
Added Macquarie Island MAG feed.
Added Mawson MAG Feed.
Added Canberra Feed.
Added MAG feed from www.dunedinaurora.nz (Portobello).
Added Brendan's experemental MAG feed (Hobart).
Fixed cookie bug, One Alert is enough for landscape mode.
 
> v1.0 (Started 20/10/2014)

  Mawson and Macquarie Island data is copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), and redistributed under Creative Commons v4.
Thanks to INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice in providing access to these feeds. (www.intermagnet.org).

Local Australian weather composite maps provided by Oz Forecast


Aurora Forecast is free to use, however it takes a lot of time and effort to maintain.
Why not make a donation to keep it running?
Feedback is always welcome. - ©2022 Brendan Davey